YHacking Terms – List of terms used in the field of hacking

Terms used in the field of hacking

TERMS AND THEIR MEANING

A

• Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) – An Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is a prolonged and targeted cyberattack carried out by highly skilled hackers. These attacks often involve sophisticated techniques, such as zero-day exploits, advanced malware, and social engineering, targeting specific individuals or organizations.

• Adware − Adware is software design to force pre-chosen ads to display on your system.
• Attack − An attack is an action that is done on a system to get its access. And extract sensitive data.

B- 

• Back door − A back door, or trap door, is a hidden entry to a computing device. Or software that bypasses security measures. Such as logins and password protections.

• Black Hat Hacker – A black hat hacker refers to an individual who engages in hacking activities with malicious intent. These hackers exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems, networks, or software for personal gain, causing harm or compromising security.

• Bot − A bot is a program that automates an action so that it can be done repeatedly at a much. Higher rate for a more sustained period than a human operator could do it. For example. Sending HTTP, FTP or Telnet at a higher rate or calling script to create objects at a higher rate.
• Botnet − A botnet, alias zombie army, is a group of computers whosen control is without their owners’ knowledge. Botnets are to send spam or make denial of service attacks.
• Brute force attack − A brute force attack is automated. And alsothe simplest kind of method to gain access to a system or website. It tries different combinations of usernames and passwords, over and over again, until it gets in.

• Brute Force Password Cracking – Brute force password cracking involves systematically trying all possible combinations of passwords until the correct one is found. This method relies on computational power and can be time-consuming, especially for complex and lengthy passwords.

• Buffer Overflow − Buffer Overflow is a flaw that occurs when more data is written to a block of memory. Or buffer, than the buffer is allowed to hold.

C

• Clone phishing − Clone phishing is the modification of an existing, legitimate email. With a false link to trick the recipient into providing personal information.

• Cracker − A cracker is one who modifies the software to access the features which are. Undesirable by the person cracking the software, especially copy protection features.

• Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) – Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a type of vulnerability that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into trusted websites. When users visit the affected sites, the malicious scripts execute in their browsers, potentially leading to the theft of sensitive information or other unauthorized actions.

• Cryptography – Cryptography is the practice of secure communication in the presence of adversaries. It involves techniques such as encryption and decryption to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data.

• Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) – Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack that tricks authenticated users into executing unintended actions on a website. By exploiting the user’s trust in the website, hackers can manipulate requests and perform unauthorized actions on their behalf. 

• Cyber Threat Intelligence – Cyber Threat Intelligence involves collecting, analyzing, and sharing information about potential cyber threats. It helps organizations identify emerging threats, understand hacker techniques, and proactively enhance their security measures.

D

• Denial of service attack (DoS) − A denial of service (DoS) attack is a malicious attempt to make a serve. Or a network resource unavailable to users, usually by temporarily interrupting. Or suspending the services of a host connected to the Internet.

• Denial of Service (DoS) Attack – A denial of service (DoS) attack aims to overwhelm a target system or network with an excessive amount of traffic, rendering it unable to function properly. This disrupts the availability of the system or service to legitimate users.

• Dumpster Diving – Dumpster diving is a physical technique employed by hackers to search for valuable information in discarded documents or electronic devices. By rummaging through dumpsters or trash bins, hackers can uncover sensitive information that can be used for further attacks.

E

• Eavesdropping – Eavesdropping, also known as network sniffing, is the unauthorized interception and monitoring of network communications. Hackers can capture and analyze network traffic to gather sensitive information or gain insight into a target’s activities.

• Exploit Kit − An exploit kit is a software system designed to run on web servers. With the purpose of identifying software vulnerabilities in client machines communicating with it. And exploiting discovered vulnerabilities to upload and execute malicious code on the client.
• Exploit − Exploit is a piece of software, a chunk of data, or a sequence of commands that takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability to compromise the security of a computer or network system.

• Encryption – Encryption is the process of converting information into a secret code to prevent unauthorized access. It ensures that data remains secure and confidential, even if intercepted by unauthorized parties.

• Encryption Key An encryption key is a specific value or sequence of characters used to encrypt or decrypt data. It ensures that only authorized parties with the correct key can access and understand the encrypted information.

F

• Firewall − A firewall is a filter designed to keep intruders outside a computer system or network while allowing safe communication between systems and users on the inside of the firewall.

I

• Intrusion Detection System (IDS) – An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a security tool designed to detect and alert on suspicious or malicious activities within a network or system. It analyzes network traffic or system logs to identify signs of unauthorized access, malware, or other malicious behavior.

K

• Keystroke logging − Keystroke logging is the process of tracking the keys which are press on a computer (and which touchscreen points are use). It is simply the map of a computer/human interface. It is used by gray and black hat hackers to record login IDs and passwords. Keyloggers are usually secreted onto a device using a Trojan delivered by a phishing email

• Key Exchange – Key exchange is a cryptographic process that enables two parties to securely establish a shared encryption key over an insecure network. It ensures that only the communicating parties can understand the encrypted information while protecting against eavesdropping and tampering.

L

• Logic bomb − A virus put into a system that triggers a malicious action when there is no compliance with certain conditions. The most common version is the time bomb.

M

• Malware − Malware is an umbrella term that usually refers to a variety of forms of hostile or intrusive software, including computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, spyware, adware, scareware, and other malicious programs.

• Malvertising – Malvertising refers to malicious advertisements that appear legitimate but contain embedded malware. When users click on these ads or visit compromised websites, their devices can become infected with malware, compromising their security.

• Master Program − A master program is the program a black hat hacker uses to remotely transmit commands to infected zombie drones, normally to carry out Denial of Service attacks or spam attacks.

• Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attack – In a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack, a hacker intercepts and potentially alters the communication between two parties without their knowledge. This allows the attacker to eavesdrop, steal information, or manipulate the data being transmitted.

N

• Network Sniffing – Network sniffing, also known as packet sniffing or network monitoring, is the practice of capturing and analyzing network traffic in real-time. This allows administrators or attackers to inspect network packets for troubleshooting, monitoring, or extracting sensitive information.

P

• Packet Injection – Packet injection involves injecting specially crafted packets into a network to manipulate or disrupt communication. Hackers can use this technique to modify network traffic, exploit vulnerabilities, or launch attacks such as session hijacking.

• Packet Sniffing – Packet sniffing is the act of capturing and analyzing network traffic to extract information such as passwords, usernames, or other sensitive data. Hackers use specialized tools to intercept and inspect packets traveling across a network.

• Password Cracking – Password cracking is the process of attempting to recover passwords from stored data or encrypted formats. Hackers employ various techniques, such as dictionary attacks, brute force attacks, or rainbow table lookups, to uncover weak or compromised passwords.

• Payload – A payload refers to the malicious code or software component delivered by an attacker to exploit a vulnerability or compromise a target system. The payload can perform various actions, such as installing malware, gaining remote access, or executing unauthorized commands.

• Penetration Testing – Penetration testing, also known as ethical hacking or white-hat hacking, involves authorized simulated attacks on systems or networks to identify vulnerabilities. This testing helps organizations assess their security posture and implement necessary safeguards. 

• Proxy Server – A proxy server acts as an intermediary between a user’s device and the internet. It can be used to mask the user’s IP address, bypass network restrictions, or monitor and manipulate traffic, making it a valuable tool for hackers.

• Phishing − Phishing is an e-mail fraud method in which the perpetrator sends out legitimate-looking emails, in an attempt to gather personal and financial information from recipients.
• Phreaker − Phreakers are considered the original computer hackers and they are those who break into the telephone network illegally, typically to make free long-distance phone calls or to tap phone lines.

R

• Rainbow Table – A rainbow table is a precomputed table of encrypted passwords and their corresponding plaintext equivalents. Hackers can use rainbow tables to quickly reverse engineer hashed passwords, significantly speeding up the password cracking process.

• Rainbow Table Attack – A rainbow table attack is a technique that precomputes hashes for a large number of possible passwords and their corresponding hashes. It enables hackers to quickly find the original password from a given hash, bypassing the need for time-consuming brute-force calculations.

• Ransomware – Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a user’s files or locks their device, rendering it inaccessible. The hacker then demands a ransom in exchange for decrypting the files or restoring access to the device.

• Red Team and Blue Team – The Red Team and Blue Team are two groups involved in cybersecurity exercises and assessments. The Red Team acts as the attacker, attempting to breach security defenses, while the Blue Team acts as the defender, identifying and mitigating the attacks.

• Root Access – Root access refers to unrestricted administrative privileges granted to a user or program. Having root access allows hackers to modify system files, install malicious software, and carry out actions that would otherwise be restricted.

• Rootkit – A rootkit is a collection of tools and software designed to gain administrative control over a computer system while remaining hidden from detection. Rootkits provide unauthorized access and control to hackers, enabling them to execute malicious activities.

• Rooting

  Rooting refers to the process of obtaining root or administrative access to a device’s operating system. This is commonly done on mobile devices to bypass security restrictions, install unauthorized apps, or modify system files.

S

• Sandbox- A sandbox is an isolated environment where software can be executed and tested without affecting the underlying system. It is commonly used to analyze potentially malicious files or run suspicious programs to evaluate their behavior.

• Script Kiddie – A script kiddie refers to an individual who lacks technical expertise but uses pre-existing hacking tools or scripts to launch attacks. They often rely on readily available hacking tools without fully understanding the underlying concepts.

• Sniffing – Sniffing is the practice of intercepting and capturing network traffic to eavesdrop on communications. Hackers use sniffing techniques to capture sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card details, or other confidential data transmitted over a network.

• Social Engineering – Social engineering involves manipulating individuals to gain unauthorized access to systems or obtain sensitive information. This technique relies on psychological manipulation rather than technical exploits, exploiting human trust and vulnerabilities.

• Social Engineering Toolkit (SET) – The Social Engineering Toolkit (SET) is a specialized software framework used by ethical hackers to simulate social engineering attacks. It provides a range of tools and techniques to test the vulnerability of individuals and organizations to social engineering tactics.

• Spoofing – Spoofing involves impersonating a legitimate entity or source in order to deceive individuals or systems. This can include IP spoofing, email spoofing, or caller ID spoofing, where the attacker manipulates information to appear as someone else.

• SQL Injection – SQL injection is a technique used to exploit vulnerabilities in a web application’s database layer. By inserting malicious SQL code into input fields, hackers can manipulate database queries, gain unauthorized access, modify data, or even execute arbitrary commands.

• SSL/TLS – Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) are cryptographic protocols that provide secure communication over the internet. They establish an encrypted connection between a client and a server, ensuring that data transmitted remains confidential and tamper-proof.

T

• Trojan Horse – A Trojan horse, or simply a Trojan, is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate program but contains malicious code. Once installed, a Trojan allows unauthorized access to a user’s system, enabling hackers to steal data, gain control, or carry out other nefarious activities.

• Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)Two-factor authentication (2FA) is an extra layer of security that requires users to provide two separate forms of identification before accessing a system or account. This commonly includes a password and a unique verification code sent to a registered device.

V

• VPN (Virtual Private Network) – A virtual private network (VPN) creates a secure and encrypted connection between a user’s device and a remote server. It provides privacy and anonymity by masking the user’s IP address and encrypting data traffic.

• Vulnerability Assessment – A vulnerability assessment is the process of identifying and evaluating vulnerabilities in a system, network, or application. It involves scanning for known security flaws and weaknesses, and provides valuable information for remediation and risk mitigation.

W

• White Hat Hacker – In contrast to black hat hackers, white hat hackers are ethical professionals who use their skills to uncover vulnerabilities and enhance security. They work to protect systems and networks by identifying weaknesses and providing recommendations for improvement.

Z

• Zero-Day Vulnerability – A zero-day vulnerability refers to a software flaw that is unknown to the vendor or developers. Hackers exploit these vulnerabilities before they are discovered or patched, making them particularly dangerous.

  This list provides just a glimpse into the vast world of hacking terms and concepts. It’s important to note that this article serves as an informational resource and does not encourage or endorse any illegal activities. Understanding these terms can help individuals and organizations stay informed, enhance their cybersecurity measures, and protect against potential threats.

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